Hello Akansha,
Understanding Society includes all eight items of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES): ateless, fewfdtyp, hungry, lacknutr, noeatday, ranoutfd, skipmeal, and wrynofood. However, the Study does not provide a predefined FIES score. Users are therefore required to construct food insecurity measures following the official methodology.
In practice, responses to the eight items are coded as binary indicators and summed to generate a raw score ranging from 0 (food secure) to 8 (most severe food insecurity).
For international comparability and official prevalence estimates, the FAO applies Rasch modelling with global calibration. For country-specific analyses, you might use the raw summed score without applying global calibration. However, the choice of approach depends on the research question and analytical context.
As the FIES is designed to capture food insecurity severity along a continuous scale, it is also recommended to use all eight items jointly rather than analysing individual questions separately.
The following official references may be useful:
1. Ballard, T.J., Kepple, A.W. & Cafiero, C. 2013. The food insecurity experience scale: developing a global standard for monitoring hunger worldwide. Technical Paper. Rome, FAO. http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/voices/en/
2. Cafiero, C., Viviani, S., and Nord, M. (2018). Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale. Measurement, 116:146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.065
3. FAO. 2016. Methods for estimating comparable rates of food insecurity experienced by adults throughout the world. Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/c-i4830e.pdf
I hope this information is helpful
Best wishes,
Roberto Cavazos
Understanding Society User Support Team
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